"""
Unix-like Command style parent
Evennia contribution, Vincent Le Geoff 2017
This module contains a command class that allows for unix-style command syntax in-game, using
--options, positional arguments and stuff like -n 10 etc similarly to a unix command. It might not
the best syntax for the average player but can be really useful for builders when they need to have
a single command do many things with many options. It uses the ArgumentParser from Python's standard
library under the hood.
To use, inherit `UnixCommand` from this module from your own commands. You need
to override two methods:
- The `init_parser` method, which adds options to the parser. Note that you should normally
*not* override the normal `parse` method when inheriting from `UnixCommand`.
- The `func` method, called to execute the command once parsed (like any Command).
Here's a short example:
```python
from evennia.contrib.base_systems.unixcommand import UnixCommand
class CmdPlant(UnixCommand):
'''
Plant a tree or plant.
This command is used to plant something in the room you are in.
Examples:
plant orange -a 8
plant strawberry --hidden
plant potato --hidden --age 5
'''
key = "plant"
def init_parser(self):
"Add the arguments to the parser."
# 'self.parser' inherits `argparse.ArgumentParser`
self.parser.add_argument("key",
help="the key of the plant to be planted here")
self.parser.add_argument("-a", "--age", type=int,
default=1, help="the age of the plant to be planted")
self.parser.add_argument("--hidden", action="store_true",
help="should the newly-planted plant be hidden to players?")
def func(self):
"func is called only if the parser succeeded."
# 'self.opts' contains the parsed options
key = self.opts.key
age = self.opts.age
hidden = self.opts.hidden
self.msg("Going to plant '{}', age={}, hidden={}.".format(
key, age, hidden))
```
To see the full power of argparse and the types of supported options, visit
[the documentation of argparse](https://docs.python.org/2/library/argparse.html).
"""
import argparse
import shlex
from textwrap import dedent
from evennia import Command, InterruptCommand
from evennia.utils.ansi import raw
[docs]class ParseError(Exception):
"""An error occurred during parsing."""
pass
[docs]class UnixCommandParser(argparse.ArgumentParser):
"""A modifier command parser for unix commands.
This parser is used to replace `argparse.ArgumentParser`. It
is aware of the command calling it, and can more easily report to
the caller. Some features (like the "brutal exit" of the original
parser) are disabled or replaced. This parser is used by UnixCommand
and creating one directly isn't recommended nor necessary. Even
adding a sub-command will use this replaced parser automatically.
"""
[docs] def __init__(self, prog, description="", epilog="", command=None, **kwargs):
"""
Build a UnixCommandParser with a link to the command using it.
Args:
prog (str): the program name (usually the command key).
description (str): a very brief line to show in the usage text.
epilog (str): the epilog to show below options.
command (Command): the command calling the parser.
Keyword Args:
Additional keyword arguments are directly sent to
`argparse.ArgumentParser`. You will find them on the
[parser's documentation](https://docs.python.org/2/library/argparse.html).
Note:
It's doubtful you would need to create this parser manually.
The `UnixCommand` does that automatically. If you create
sub-commands, this class will be used.
"""
prog = prog or command.key
super().__init__(
prog=prog, description=description, conflict_handler="resolve", add_help=False, **kwargs
)
self.command = command
self.post_help = epilog
def n_exit(code=None, msg=None):
raise ParseError(msg)
self.exit = n_exit
# Replace the -h/--help
self.add_argument(
"-h", "--help", nargs=0, action=HelpAction, help="display the command help"
)
[docs] def print_usage(self, file=None):
"""Print the usage to the caller.
Args:
file (file-object): not used here, the caller is used.
Note:
This method will override `argparse.ArgumentParser`'s in order
to not display the help on stdout or stderr, but to the
command's caller.
"""
if self.command:
self.command.msg(self.format_usage().strip())
[docs] def print_help(self, file=None):
"""Print the help to the caller.
Args:
file (file-object): not used here, the caller is used.
Note:
This method will override `argparse.ArgumentParser`'s in order
to not display the help on stdout or stderr, but to the
command's caller.
"""
if self.command:
self.command.msg(self.format_help().strip())
[docs]class HelpAction(argparse.Action):
"""Override the -h/--help action in the default parser.
Using the default -h/--help will call the exit function in different
ways, preventing the entire help message to be provided. Hence
this override.
"""
def __call__(self, parser, namespace, values, option_string=None):
"""If asked for help, display to the caller."""
if parser.command:
parser.command.msg(parser.format_help().strip())
parser.exit(0, "")
[docs]class UnixCommand(Command):
"""
Unix-type commands, supporting short and long options.
This command syntax uses the Unix-style commands with short options
(-X) and long options (--something). The `argparse` module is
used to parse the command.
In order to use it, you should override two methods:
- `init_parser`: this method is called when the command is created.
It can be used to set options in the parser. `self.parser`
contains the `argparse.ArgumentParser`, so you can add arguments
here.
- `func`: this method is called to execute the command, but after
the parser has checked the arguments given to it are valid.
You can access the namespace of valid arguments in `self.opts`
at this point.
The help of UnixCommands is derived from the docstring, in a
slightly different way than usual: the first line of the docstring
is used to represent the program description (the very short
line at the top of the help message). The other lines below are
used as the program's "epilog", displayed below the options. It
means in your docstring, you don't have to write the options.
They will be automatically provided by the parser and displayed
accordingly. The `argparse` module provides a default '-h' or
'--help' option on the command. Typing |whelp commandname|n will
display the same as |wcommandname -h|n, though this behavior can
be changed.
"""
[docs] def __init__(self, **kwargs):
"""
The lockhandler works the same as for objects.
optional kwargs will be set as properties on the Command at runtime,
overloading evential same-named class properties.
"""
super().__init__(**kwargs)
# Create the empty UnixCommandParser, inheriting argparse.ArgumentParser
lines = dedent(self.__doc__.strip("\n")).splitlines()
description = lines[0].strip()
epilog = "\n".join(lines[1:]).strip()
self.parser = UnixCommandParser(None, description, epilog, command=self)
# Fill the argument parser
self.init_parser()
[docs] def init_parser(self):
"""
Configure the argument parser, adding in options.
Note:
This method is to be overridden in order to add options
to the argument parser. Use `self.parser`, which contains
the `argparse.ArgumentParser`. You can, for instance,
use its `add_argument` method.
"""
pass
[docs] def func(self):
"""Override to handle the command execution."""
pass
[docs] def get_help(self, caller, cmdset):
"""
Return the help message for this command and this caller.
Args:
caller (Object or Player): the caller asking for help on the command.
cmdset (CmdSet): the command set (if you need additional commands).
Returns:
docstring (str): the help text to provide the caller for this command.
"""
return self.parser.format_help()
[docs] def parse(self):
"""
Process arguments provided in `self.args`.
Note:
You should not override this method. Consider overriding
`init_parser` instead.
"""
try:
self.opts = self.parser.parse_args(shlex.split(self.args))
except ParseError as err:
msg = str(err)
if msg:
self.msg(msg)
raise InterruptCommand
